Originally inhabited by the native “Indians”, as they were called by European colonisers, the area now known as Minas Gerais was renowned for being rich in gold, gems and diamonds. During the latter part of the 17th century, many Portuguese occupied this land in search of its rich supply of minerals (gold, emerald, topaz and aquamarine). The Portuguese settlers, introduced African slaves in order to work in the mines and to start connecting the various ‘settlements’ (or towns) by building a network of roads. 

During the course of the 19th century, some of the gold mines had been exploited to their capacity, while others still operating up nowadays. While the European influence was marked, the locals also had a fair share in the mining of this region, helping them to establish viable communities and to develop a unique art form, known as Barroco Mineiro, which was characterized by an opulent use of gold in design and architecture.

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Due to the major economic contribution of Minas Gerais, the state plays an important role in the commercial and economic history of Brazil. 

Minas Gerais has approximately 20 million inhabitants, including Portuguese, Africans, Germans and Lebanese decedents. It is home to some of the longest rivers and highest hills in the country, as well as to several hydroelectric power plants.